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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Tol</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Richard S. J. Tol</b> (* <a href="2._Dezember" title="2. Dezember">2. Dezember</a> <a href="1969" title="1969">1969</a> in <a href="Hoorn" title="Hoorn">Hoorn</a>) ist ein <a href="Niederlande" title="Niederlande">niederländischer</a> <a href="Volkswirt" title="Volkswirt">Volkswirt</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Tol ist Professor am Department of Economics der <a href="University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Universität von Sussex</a>, <a href="Vereinigtes_K%C3%B6nigreich" title="Vereinigtes Königreich">Vereinigtes Königreich</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und hat darüber hinaus die Professur für Ökonomie des Klimawandels am Institut für Umweltstudien an der <a href="Vrije_Universiteit_Amsterdam" title="Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam">Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam</a> inne. Er ist Mitglied der Academia Europaea.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davor war er von 2000 bis 2006 Professor an der <a href="Universit%C3%A4t_Hamburg" title="Universität Hamburg">Universität Hamburg</a>. Im Zuge seiner wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit war er außerdem am <a href="Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburger</a> Zentrum für Marine und Atmosphärenwissenschaften, am Economic and Social Research Institute in <a href="Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und an der <a href="Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon Universität</a> in Pittsburg tätig.
</p><p>Tol erwarb 1992 den Magister in <a href="%C3%96konometrie" title="Ökonometrie">Ökonometrie</a> an der Freien Universität Amsterdam und wurde dort 1997 in <a href="Wirtschaftswissenschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirtschaftswissenschaften">Wirtschaftswissenschaften</a> promoviert. Ab 1998 trug er mit 19 anderen Wissenschaftlern zum Umweltprogramm der UN bei.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tol war auch beim <a href="Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> tätig.
</p><p>Tol hat einen <a href="H-Index" title="H-Index">h-Index</a> von 16 und wird nach <a href="Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">Research Papers in Economics</a> zu den führenden 250 Volkswirten weltweit gezählt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Er hält Maßnahmen gegen Treibhausgase in Irland für wirtschaftlich schädlich<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und sieht die negativen Auswirkungen der Klimaänderung als überbewertet an<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tol nahm mehrmals an Projekten des <a href="Copenhagen_Consensus" title="Copenhagen Consensus">Copenhagen Consensus</a> teil und gehört zu den Kritikern des <a href="Stern-Report" title="Stern-Report">Stern-Reports</a>. 2014 gab er kurz vor der Veröffentlichung des Sachstandsberichts der zweiten Arbeitsgruppe des <a href="F%C3%BCnfter_Sachstandsbericht_des_IPCC" title="Fünfter Sachstandsbericht des IPCC">AR5</a> seinen Rücktritt bekannt. Seiner Ansicht nach „drifte das Resümee des UNO-Berichts Richtung Alarmismus“.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.econbiz.de/Search/Results?lookfor=gnd%3A171413784">Richard Tol</a> im Katalog der <a href="ZBW_%E2%80%93_Leibniz-Informationszentrum_Wirtschaft" title="ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft">ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft</a> (ZBW)</li>
<li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704093601/http://www.fnu.zmaw.de/Biography.5753.0.html">Hamburger Site; Biog., CV, Bibliografie (einige Aufsätze; PDF)</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 4. Juli 2010 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ideas.repec.org/e/pto90.html">IDEAS/RePEc</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vu.academia.edu/RichardTol">Academia</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&amp;query=171413784">Literatur von und über Richard Tol</a> im Katalog der <a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/289812"><i>Richard Tol&nbsp;: University of Sussex.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23.&nbsp;April 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Tol&amp;rft.title=Richard+Tol+%3A+University+of+Sussex&amp;rft.description=Richard+Tol+%3A+University+of+Sussex&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2Fprofiles%2F289812">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Tol_Richard"><i>Academy of Europe: Tol Richard.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23.&nbsp;April 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Tol&amp;rft.title=Academy+of+Europe%3A+Tol+Richard&amp;rft.description=Academy+of+Europe%3A+Tol+Richard&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ae-info.org%2Fae%2FMember%2FTol_Richard">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.ie/research/research_areas/energy/">Homepage des ESRI Energiebereichs</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.ie/research/research_areas/environment/">Homepage des ESRI Umweltbereichs</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="book">J.F. Feenstra et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Handbook on Methods for Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies</cite>. 1998 (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/10440/1/f1.pdf">vu.nl</a> [PDF; abgerufen am 10.&nbsp;Oktober 2008]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Richard+Tol&amp;rft.au=J.F.+Feenstra+et+al.&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+on+Methods+for+Climate+Change+Impact+Assessment+and+Adaptation+Strategies&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ideas.repec.org/top/top.person.all.html#pto90">Top 5% Authors on IDEAS/RePEc</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2007/1220/1197997063183.html">Irish Times, Dec 20, 2007</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite">Richard Tol: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720185955/http://www.esri.ie/publications/search_for_a_publication/search_results/view/index.xml?id=2749"><i>Why Worry About Climate Change?</i></a> ESRI, 2009, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.ie%2Fpublications%2Fsearch_for_a_publication%2Fsearch_results%2Fview%2Findex.xml%3Fid%3D2749">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">20.&nbsp;Juli 2011</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Februar 2011</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Tol&amp;rft.title=Why+Worry+About+Climate+Change%3F&amp;rft.description=Why+Worry+About+Climate+Change%3F&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110720185955%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.ie%2Fpublications%2Fsearch_for_a_publication%2Fsearch_results%2Fview%2Findex.xml%3Fid%3D2749&amp;rft.creator=Richard%26%2332%3BTol&amp;rft.publisher=ESRI&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.source=http://www.esri.ie/publications/search_for_a_publication/search_results/view/index.xml?id=2749&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/streit-um-ipcc-klimabericht-der-uno-richard-tol-ruecktritt-a-960818.html">Angebliche Panikmache: Führender Forscher verlässt Spitze des Welt-Klimarats</a> Der Spiegel, März 2014, von <a href="Axel_Bojanowski" title="Axel Bojanowski">Axel Bojanowski</a></span>
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